Clearance Creepage

Minimum electrical clearance and creepage distances per IEC 60664-1:2020 (insulation coordination for low-voltage equipment up to 1000V AC / 1500V DC) and IPC-2221B (PCB conductor spacing). Indexed by insulation type (functional, basic, supplementary, reinforced, double, ipc_pcb), pollution degree (1–3), overvoltage category (I–IV), and working voltage (V). Clearance is shortest air-path distance; creepage is shortest surface-path distance. Critical for PCB layout, enclosure design, and product safety compliance (CE, UL, CSA).