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Retaining Wall Design: SOIL NAIL
Typical design parameters for common retaining wall types — height ranges, base width ratios, embedment depth, stability factors of safety, backfill and drainage requirements
| wall type | backfill requirement | drainage requirement | global stability fos min (dimensionless) | height max ft (ft) | height min ft (ft) | min embedment depth ft (ft) | reinforcement notes | typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOIL NAIL | In situ competent soil or soft rock; not suitable for very soft clay cohesionless saturated soils | Drainage through perforated pipe or wick drains installed behind shotcrete facing | 1.5 | 50 | 10 | 0 | Grouted steel bars (No. 8 to No. 10 typically) at 4-6 ft o.c. horizontal; 4-6 ft vertical; 5-20 deg downward from horizontal | Highway cut walls; slope stabilization; urban excavations |
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