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Retaining Wall Design: GABION
Typical design parameters for common retaining wall types — height ranges, base width ratios, embedment depth, stability factors of safety, backfill and drainage requirements
| wall type | backfill requirement | base width to height ratio max (dimensionless) | base width to height ratio min (dimensionless) | drainage requirement | global stability fos min (dimensionless) | height max ft (ft) | height min ft (ft) | min embedment depth ft (ft) | overturning fos min (dimensionless) | reinforcement notes | sliding fos min (dimensionless) | typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GABION | Free-draining granular backfill | 0.8 | 0.6 | Excellent internal drainage through basket mesh; no additional drainage typically required | 1.5 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 2 | Galvanized or PVC-coated welded wire baskets filled with stone 4-8 in diameter | 1.5 | Stream bank protection; erosion control; low-cost retaining walls; rural applications |
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