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Retaining Wall Design: GRAVITY MASONRY
Typical design parameters for common retaining wall types — height ranges, base width ratios, embedment depth, stability factors of safety, backfill and drainage requirements
| wall type | backfill requirement | base width to height ratio max (dimensionless) | base width to height ratio min (dimensionless) | drainage requirement | global stability fos min (dimensionless) | height max ft (ft) | height min ft (ft) | min embedment depth ft (ft) | overturning fos min (dimensionless) | reinforcement notes | sliding fos min (dimensionless) | typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRAVITY MASONRY | Free-draining granular backfill; no clay | 0.8 | 0.5 | Weep holes required; drainage fill behind wall | 1.5 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 2 | None — mass provides stability; can use concrete or stone masonry | 1.5 | Low-height walls; landscaping; historic retrofits |
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