Measurement Uncertainty: temperature_thermocouple_K
GUM-compliant measurement uncertainty budget components and coverage factors for common engineering measurements. Covers Type A (statistical) and Type B (non-statistical) uncertainty sources with standard uncertainties, expanded uncertainties at k=2 (95%), and confidence levels for: length/dimension (caliper, micrometer, CMM, gauge block), mass (analytical balance, platform scale), temperature (Type K thermocouple, Pt100 RTD, IR pyrometer), pressure (Bourdon gauge, electronic transducer, liquid manometer), flow (orifice plate, turbine meter, Coriolis, ultrasonic transit-time), electrical (DMM, power analyzer), force (load cell), and torque (torque wrench). Also includes coverage factor reference rows (k=1/2/3, 68/95/99.7%) and distribution divisors (rectangular, triangular, normal, U-shaped). Per ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (GUM), NIST TN 1297, ISO/IEC 17025:2017.
| measurement type | uncertainty source | confidence level pct (%) | coverage factor k | distribution | divisor | expanded uncertainty k2 | expanded uncertainty unit | notes | standard uncertainty unit | standard uncertainty value | uncertainty type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| temperature_thermocouple_K | calibration | 95 | 2 | normal | 2 | 0.6 | degC | Calibration by comparison to SPRT in temperature bath; expanded uncertainty k=2 typically 0.3-0.6C for base-metal thermocouples; NIST Type K cal service | degC | 0.3 | Type_B |
| temperature_thermocouple_K | combined_standard_uncertainty | 95 | 2 | normal | 1 | 1.28 | degC | RSS: sqrt(0.5^2+0.3^2+0.2^2+0.2^2) = 0.64C; U95 = 1.3C; consistent with ASTM E230 standard grade tolerance; calibrated Type K u95 approx 1.0-1.5C | degC | 0.64 | Combined |
| temperature_thermocouple_K | reference_junction | 95 | 2 | normal | 2 | 0.4 | degC | Cold junction (ice point or electronic CJC) uncertainty; electronic CJC accuracy typically +/-0.5C per manufacturer; contributes 0.2C standard uncertainty | degC | 0.2 | Type_B |
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