Measurement Uncertainty: length_caliper
GUM-compliant measurement uncertainty budget components and coverage factors for common engineering measurements. Covers Type A (statistical) and Type B (non-statistical) uncertainty sources with standard uncertainties, expanded uncertainties at k=2 (95%), and confidence levels for: length/dimension (caliper, micrometer, CMM, gauge block), mass (analytical balance, platform scale), temperature (Type K thermocouple, Pt100 RTD, IR pyrometer), pressure (Bourdon gauge, electronic transducer, liquid manometer), flow (orifice plate, turbine meter, Coriolis, ultrasonic transit-time), electrical (DMM, power analyzer), force (load cell), and torque (torque wrench). Also includes coverage factor reference rows (k=1/2/3, 68/95/99.7%) and distribution divisors (rectangular, triangular, normal, U-shaped). Per ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (GUM), NIST TN 1297, ISO/IEC 17025:2017.
| measurement type | uncertainty source | confidence level pct (%) | coverage factor k | distribution | divisor | expanded uncertainty k2 | expanded uncertainty unit | notes | standard uncertainty unit | standard uncertainty value | uncertainty type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| length_caliper | calibration_certificate | 95 | 2 | normal | 2 | 0.02 | mm | Calibration lab expanded uncertainty k=2 for 6-inch caliper at NIST-traceable lab; typical value 0.010-0.020 mm combined | mm | 0.01 | Type_B |
| length_caliper | combined_standard_uncertainty | 95 | 2 | normal | 1 | 0.04 | mm | RSS of all components: sqrt(0.015^2+0.010^2+0.008^2+0.004^2) approx 0.020 mm; U95 = k*uc = 2 x 0.020 = 0.040 mm | mm | 0.02 | Combined |
| length_caliper | instrument_resolution | 95 | 2 | rectangular | 1.732 | 0.03 | mm | Digital caliper resolution typically 0.01 mm; standard uncertainty = (0.01/2)/sqrt(3) = 0.0029 mm for half-interval; reported as 0.015 mm combined with scale error; 6-inch caliper typical | mm | 0.015 | Type_B |
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