Measurement Uncertainty: temperature_ir_pyrometer
GUM-compliant measurement uncertainty budget components and coverage factors for common engineering measurements. Covers Type A (statistical) and Type B (non-statistical) uncertainty sources with standard uncertainties, expanded uncertainties at k=2 (95%), and confidence levels for: length/dimension (caliper, micrometer, CMM, gauge block), mass (analytical balance, platform scale), temperature (Type K thermocouple, Pt100 RTD, IR pyrometer), pressure (Bourdon gauge, electronic transducer, liquid manometer), flow (orifice plate, turbine meter, Coriolis, ultrasonic transit-time), electrical (DMM, power analyzer), force (load cell), and torque (torque wrench). Also includes coverage factor reference rows (k=1/2/3, 68/95/99.7%) and distribution divisors (rectangular, triangular, normal, U-shaped). Per ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (GUM), NIST TN 1297, ISO/IEC 17025:2017.
| measurement type | uncertainty source | confidence level pct (%) | coverage factor k | distribution | divisor | expanded uncertainty k2 | expanded uncertainty unit | notes | standard uncertainty unit | standard uncertainty value | uncertainty type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| temperature_ir_pyrometer | calibration | 95 | 2 | normal | 2 | 1 | degC | IR pyrometer calibration against blackbody source; expanded uncertainty k=2 typically 0.5-1.0C for precision pyrometers at 100-500C | degC | 0.5 | Type_B |
| temperature_ir_pyrometer | combined_standard_uncertainty | 95 | 2 | normal | 1 | 2.4 | degC | RSS: sqrt(1.0^2+0.5^2+0.3^2+0.5^2) = 1.22C; U95 = 2.4C; practical IR pyrometer much less accurate than contact methods; dominated by emissivity | degC | 1.2 | Combined |
| temperature_ir_pyrometer | emissivity_uncertainty | 95 | 2 | normal | 2 | 2 | degC | Emissivity of target surface: major uncertainty source; uncertainty in emissivity of 0.02 causes ~1-2C error at 200C; operator must assign correct emissivity | degC | 1 | Type_B |
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