Forging Design Allowances: closed die
machining allowance mm#titanium alloys to web thickness min mm#carbon steel
Forging process design allowances for closed-die, open-die, ring-rolled, upset, and precision forgings. Covers draft angles (internal and external), fillet and corner radii, web thickness, rib height-to-width ratio, machining allowances, mismatch tolerance, flash extension, straightness tolerance, and dimensional tolerances (plus/minus). Materials include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, and nickel superalloys. Tolerance ranges span small (< 1 kg) to large (> 50 kg) parts. Data per ASM Handbook Vol 14A, FIA Design Guidelines, ASTM A788, ASTM B247, BS EN 10243, AMS 4928.
| forging process | design parameter | material | unit | value max | value min | value typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| closed die | machining allowance mm#titanium alloys | titanium alloys | mm | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| closed die | mismatch tolerance mm#aluminum alloys | aluminum alloys | mm | 1 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| closed die | mismatch tolerance mm#carbon steel | carbon steel | mm | 1.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| closed die | mismatch tolerance mm#titanium alloys | titanium alloys | mm | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
| closed die | straightness tolerance mm per m#aluminum alloys | aluminum alloys | mm/m | 3 | 0.5 | 1 |
| closed die | straightness tolerance mm per m#carbon steel | carbon steel | mm/m | 4 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
| closed die | web thickness min mm#aluminum alloys | aluminum alloys | mm | 8 | 2.5 | 4 |
| closed die | web thickness min mm#carbon steel | carbon steel | mm | 10 | 3 | 5 |
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