Forging Design Allowances: open_die
Forging process design allowances for closed-die, open-die, ring-rolled, upset, and precision forgings. Covers draft angles (internal and external), fillet and corner radii, web thickness, rib height-to-width ratio, machining allowances, mismatch tolerance, flash extension, straightness tolerance, and dimensional tolerances (plus/minus). Materials include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, and nickel superalloys. Tolerance ranges span small (< 1 kg) to large (> 50 kg) parts. Data per ASM Handbook Vol 14A, FIA Design Guidelines, ASTM A788, ASTM B247, BS EN 10243, AMS 4928.
| forging process | design parameter | material | notes | unit | value max | value min | value typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| open_die | dimensional_tolerance_minus_mm#carbon_steel | carbon_steel | Open-die minus tolerance. Bilateral tolerance is asymmetric (more plus than minus). | mm | 12 | 1.5 | 3 |
| open_die | dimensional_tolerance_plus_mm#carbon_steel | carbon_steel | Open-die dimensional plus tolerance is much larger than closed-die; depends heavily on part geometry and weight. Typical industrial practice. | mm | 25 | 3 | 6 |
| open_die | draft_angle_external#alloy_steel | alloy_steel | Same as carbon steel for open-die. | deg | 2 | 0 | 0 |
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