Forging Design Allowances: precision
Forging process design allowances for closed-die, open-die, ring-rolled, upset, and precision forgings. Covers draft angles (internal and external), fillet and corner radii, web thickness, rib height-to-width ratio, machining allowances, mismatch tolerance, flash extension, straightness tolerance, and dimensional tolerances (plus/minus). Materials include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, and nickel superalloys. Tolerance ranges span small (< 1 kg) to large (> 50 kg) parts. Data per ASM Handbook Vol 14A, FIA Design Guidelines, ASTM A788, ASTM B247, BS EN 10243, AMS 4928.
| forging process | design parameter | material | notes | unit | value max | value min | value typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| precision | dimensional_tolerance_plus_mm#aluminum_alloys | aluminum_alloys | Precision forging achieves ±0.25 mm or better on critical features. ASTM B247 Class H achievable. | mm | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.25 |
| precision | dimensional_tolerance_plus_mm#titanium_alloys | titanium_alloys | Precision titanium dimensional tolerances; tighter than standard due to controlled die temperature and slow strain rate. | mm | 0.75 | 0.15 | 0.3 |
| precision | draft_angle_external#aluminum_alloys | aluminum_alloys | Precision forgings (no-draft or near-zero-draft) using specialized tooling and ejectors. Aluminum and titanium most common. Zero-draft achievable with precision dies. | deg | 1 | 0 | 0.5 |
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