Forging Design Allowances: closed_die
Forging process design allowances for closed-die, open-die, ring-rolled, upset, and precision forgings. Covers draft angles (internal and external), fillet and corner radii, web thickness, rib height-to-width ratio, machining allowances, mismatch tolerance, flash extension, straightness tolerance, and dimensional tolerances (plus/minus). Materials include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper alloys, and nickel superalloys. Tolerance ranges span small (< 1 kg) to large (> 50 kg) parts. Data per ASM Handbook Vol 14A, FIA Design Guidelines, ASTM A788, ASTM B247, BS EN 10243, AMS 4928.
| forging process | design parameter | material | notes | unit | value max | value min | value typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| closed_die | corner_radius_mm#aluminum_alloys | aluminum_alloys | Aluminum corner radius minimum 1.5 mm. Rib thickness should equal 2× corner radius per FIA design rule. | mm | 5 | 1.5 | 3 |
| closed_die | corner_radius_mm#carbon_steel | carbon_steel | Corner radii (outer edges). Should be at least half the fillet radius. Minimum edge radius = 0.06 in (1.5 mm) per FIA. | mm | 6 | 1.5 | 3 |
| closed_die | corner_radius_mm#nickel_superalloys | nickel_superalloys | Nickel superalloy corner radii maximize to improve fill and reduce rejections. | mm | 10 | 3 | 6 |
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