Space Environment Data: LEO
Orbital environment parameters for spacecraft and satellite design — radiation doses, particle fluxes, atomic oxygen, neutral density, debris/MMOD flux, thermal environment, and geomagnetic field by orbit type and altitude
| orbit type | altitude km | albedo factor (dimensionless) | atomic oxygen flux atoms per cm2 per s (atoms/cm2/s) | debris flux per m2 per year gt 1cm (impacts/m2/year) | drag coefficient typical (dimensionless) | earth IR W per m2 (W/m2) | electron flux per cm2 per s (particles/cm2/s) | geomagnetic field nT (nT) | max surface temp C sunlit (C) | micrometeoroid flux per m2 per year (impacts/m2/year) | min surface temp C eclipse (C) | neutral density per cm3 (particles/cm3) | notes | parameter type | proton flux per cm2 per s (particles/cm2/s) | solar constant W per m2 (W/m2) | total ionizing dose rad per year (rad/year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEO | 1000 | 0.3 | 100,000,000,000 | 0.02 | 2.2 | 237 | 100,000,000 | 41,000 | 125 | 0.0001 | -175 | 10,000 | 1000km circular orbit; entering inner Van Allen proton belt; TID rises sharply; proton peak ~2e9/cm2/s E>1MeV near SAA; atmospheric drag negligible; debris flux decreasing below 700-900km peak; MMOD Grun flux for objects >1mm | radiation_atmosphere_thermal | 2,000,000,000 | 1,361 | 15,000 |
| LEO | 200 | 0.3 | 300,000,000,000,000 | 0.0002 | 2.2 | 237 | 100,000 | 50,000 | 120 | 0.0001 | -170 | 4,500,000,000 | 200km circular orbit, 28.5 deg inc; TID behind 100 mil Al (2.54mm) per AP-8/AE-8 solar max; AO flux ~3e14 at 200km solar max (MSIS-90); neutral density NRLMSISE-00; debris flux per ORDEM 3.1 very low at this altitude due to atmospheric drag clearing; drag coefficient 2.2 typical blunt body Cd in free molecular flow; solar constant 1361 W/m2 per IAU 2015 IAU 2015 Resolution B3; albedo 0.30 mean Earth Bond; Earth OLR 237 W/m2 per CERES; thermal extremes per NASA GSFC preliminary thermal analysis methodology | radiation_atmosphere_thermal | 1,000,000 | 1,361 | 500 |
| LEO | 400 | 0.3 | 150,000,000,000,000 | 0.005 | 2.2 | 237 | 5,000,000 | 45,000 | 120 | 0.0001 | -170 | 250,000,000 | 400km ISS orbit, 51.6 deg inclination; TID ~2 krad/year behind 100 mil Al; SAA proton dose contribution significant; AO flux ~1.5e14 at 400km solar max; neutral density ~2.5e8 molecules/cm3 per NRLMSISE-00; debris flux 0.005/m2/yr per ORDEM 3.1 at 400km (peak population regime ~600-800km); micrometeoroid Grun model 1e-4/m2/yr for D>1mm; geomagnetic field ~45000 nT at 400km from IGRF-13 mid-latitude | radiation_atmosphere_thermal | 30,000,000 | 1,361 | 2,000 |
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