Smoke Control Design: tenability_visibility_large
Smoke control design parameters per NFPA 92-2021 and IBC 2021 Section 909 — stairwell and elevator pressurization differentials (0.05–0.10 in. w.g.), door opening force limits (30 lbf max), atrium exhaust prescriptive rates (4–6 ACH), axisymmetric and balcony/window plume mass flow equations (NFPA 92 Eq. 4.1, 4.10, 4.12), design fire heat release rates by occupancy (1000–5000 kW), building leakage areas by tightness class (tight/average/loose), door leakage areas, t² fire growth coefficients, tenability criteria (visibility 16–33 ft, temperature 120°C max, CO FED thresholds), and the smoke filling rate formula. Sources: NFPA 92-2021, IBC 2021 Sec. 909, ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications Ch. 54, Klote/Milke Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering.
| smoke control type | record id | description | notes | value min |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tenability_visibility_large | visibility_large_space | Tenability — Visibility — Large Space (Atrium/Mall) | 10 m (33 ft) minimum visibility to building features (walls/doors) in large spaces; based on 0.08 OD/m extinction coefficient; SFPE and NFPA 130 references; below this level occupants cannot navigate effectively | 33 |
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