Smoke Control Design: design_fire_size
Smoke control design parameters per NFPA 92-2021 and IBC 2021 Section 909 — stairwell and elevator pressurization differentials (0.05–0.10 in. w.g.), door opening force limits (30 lbf max), atrium exhaust prescriptive rates (4–6 ACH), axisymmetric and balcony/window plume mass flow equations (NFPA 92 Eq. 4.1, 4.10, 4.12), design fire heat release rates by occupancy (1000–5000 kW), building leakage areas by tightness class (tight/average/loose), door leakage areas, t² fire growth coefficients, tenability criteria (visibility 16–33 ft, temperature 120°C max, CO FED thresholds), and the smoke filling rate formula. Sources: NFPA 92-2021, IBC 2021 Sec. 909, ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Applications Ch. 54, Klote/Milke Handbook of Smoke Control Engineering.
| smoke control type | record id | description | notes | unit | value typical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| design_fire_size | assembly_occupancy | Design Fire — Assembly Occupancy (Theater/Arena) | Representative steady-state design fire for assembly occupancy without sprinklers; sprinkler-controlled fire HRR at activation is lower; earlier NFPA 92 editions specified 5 MW minimum; current code requires engineering analysis | kW | 5,000 |
| design_fire_size | office_occupancy | Design Fire — Office Occupancy | Representative design fire for open office; lower fuel load than retail; t² ultra-fast or fast growth often assumed | kW | 1,000 |
| design_fire_size | retail_occupancy | Design Fire — Retail/Mercantile Occupancy | Representative design fire for retail; actual value depends on fuel load density and fire growth rate (t² fire); engineer must justify selection per NFPA 92-2021 Sec. 3.2 | kW | 2,500 |
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