Ground Improvement Parameters: deep_soil_mixing
Design parameters for ground improvement techniques — stone columns, soil mixing, jet grouting, dynamic compaction, vibro-compaction, preloading with PVDs, deep soil mixing, micropiles, and ground freezing — with bearing capacity, settlement reduction, column dimensions, applicable soils, and QC methods
| technique | applicable soil types | QC method | area replacement ratio max (dimensionless) | area replacement ratio min (dimensionless) | bearing capacity increase factor max (dimensionless) | bearing capacity increase factor min (dimensionless) | column diameter m max (m) | column diameter m min (m) | environmental impact | improvement depth max m (m) | liquefaction mitigation | modulus improvement factor max (dimensionless) | modulus improvement factor min (dimensionless) | notes | production rate m per day (m/day) | relative cost | settlement reduction factor max (dimensionless) | settlement reduction factor min (dimensionless) | spacing m max (m) | spacing m min (m) | undrained shear strength gain pct max (percent) | undrained shear strength gain pct min (percent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deep_soil_mixing | loose_silty_sand | CPT_and_UCS_core | 0.7 | 0.2 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | low | 25 | yes | 300 | 20 | Dense grid or block treatment for liquefaction mitigation; column strength 1-5 MPa in sand; improved zone constrains pore pressure build-up; lattice pattern reduces cyclic shear strains; effective to Mw 7.5 earthquakes per FHWA guidelines; post-treatment CPT verifies continuity | 8 | high | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 500 | 100 |
| deep_soil_mixing | peat | UCS_testing_and_load_cell_instrumentation | 0.8 | 0.3 | 6 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.5 | high | 15 | yes | 100 | 10 | Peat mixing very difficult; high organic content reduces cement hydration; lime+cement blend often required; high binder dosage 350-600 kg/m3; uneven column quality; high organic content (>25%) may preclude use; production slower; high environmental sensitivity (peat ecosystem disturbance) | 4 | high | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 1 | 400 | 100 |
| deep_soil_mixing | soft_clay_Cu_lt_30kPa | UCS_core_and_wet_sampling | 0.8 | 0.25 | 10 | 3 | 1.2 | 0.4 | medium | 30 | yes | 200 | 15 | Large diameter deep mixing (LDDM) and wet deep mixing; column UCS 0.5-5 MPa (soft ground); modulus E50 = 150-300 x qu; effective to 30m+ with large rigs; overlap columns possible for cutoff walls; binder factor 200-450 kg/m3; improved zone acts as composite; lattice grid effective for lateral load resistance; full displacement mixing possible; QC: wet sampling during install, core samples at 28d, vane shear | 6 | high | 0.8 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 800 | 200 |
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