Ground Improvement Parameters: compaction_grouting
Design parameters for ground improvement techniques — stone columns, soil mixing, jet grouting, dynamic compaction, vibro-compaction, preloading with PVDs, deep soil mixing, micropiles, and ground freezing — with bearing capacity, settlement reduction, column dimensions, applicable soils, and QC methods
| technique | applicable soil types | QC method | bearing capacity increase factor max (dimensionless) | bearing capacity increase factor min (dimensionless) | column diameter m max (m) | column diameter m min (m) | environmental impact | improvement depth max m (m) | liquefaction mitigation | modulus improvement factor max (dimensionless) | modulus improvement factor min (dimensionless) | notes | production rate m per day (m/day) | relative cost | settlement reduction factor max (dimensionless) | settlement reduction factor min (dimensionless) | spacing m max (m) | spacing m min (m) | undrained shear strength gain pct max (percent) | undrained shear strength gain pct min (percent) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compaction_grouting | loose_gravel_fill | SPT_before_after | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.35 | 0.15 | low | 12 | yes | 5 | 2 | Coarser fills may require higher injection pressures; gravel reduces homogeneity of improvement; refusal common in densely packed zones; appropriate for heterogeneous fills and rubble soils below structures | 4 | medium | 0.6 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 20 | 5 |
| compaction_grouting | loose_sand | SPT_before_after_and_monitoring | 3 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | low | 15 | yes | 6 | 3 | Low mobility grout injection (slump 0-75mm); displaces and densifies surrounding soil; column diameter 0.10-0.30m; staged withdrawal with 0.3m lifts; effective for liquefaction remediation and underpinning; production 4-6 primary points/day per drill; post-grouting SPT N-value typically increases 10-30 blows | 5 | medium | 0.7 | 0.4 | 3 | 1 | 30 | 10 |
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