Binary Phase Diagrams: Pb-Sn
Key invariant points and phase boundary data for important binary alloy systems. Covers 10 systems: Fe-C (iron-carbon), Al-Si, Al-Cu, Cu-Zn (brass), Cu-Sn (tin bronze), Pb-Sn (solder), Ni-Cu (complete solid solution), Ti-Al (titanium aluminides), Mg-Al, and Au-Cu. Includes eutectic and eutectoid compositions and temperatures, peritectic reactions, phase solubility limits, solidus/liquidus temperatures, phase names, and engineering significance. Data per ASM Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams 2nd Ed and standard materials science references.
| alloy system | invariant point or boundary | component 1 name | component 2 name | composition 1 wt pct (wt%) | engineering significance | notes | phase alpha | phase description | reaction type | temperature C (C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb-Sn | alpha_max_solubility | Sn | Pb | 19.2 | Defines plumber's solder region (50Pb-50Sn wiping solder); wide mushy zone for wiping | Solubility drops to ~2%Sn at 25°C; most Sn precipitates as beta on cooling | alpha_Pb | Maximum Sn solubility in Pb-rich alpha at eutectic temperature | phase_boundary | 183 |
| Pb-Sn | beta_max_solubility | Sn | Pb | 97.5 | High-Sn solders (>70%Sn) approach eutectic; used for step soldering | Solubility drops to ~0.5%Pb at 25°C | beta_Sn | Maximum Pb solubility in Sn-rich beta at eutectic temperature (2.5 wt%Pb) | phase_boundary | 183 |
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