Heat Pipe Performance: loop_heat_pipe
Heat pipe performance data — cylindrical, vapor chamber, loop, micro, and thermosyphon types with various working fluids and wick structures
| heat pipe type | sk | application | effective conductivity WmK max (W/mK) | effective conductivity WmK min (W/mK) | max heat flux Wcm2 (W/cm2) | max heat transport Wm (Wm) | notes | operating temp high C (C) | operating temp low C (C) | orientation effect | thermal resistance CW max (C/W) | thermal resistance CW min (C/W) | wick type | working fluid |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| loop_heat_pipe | ammonia#sintered_evaporator#flat | spacecraft, airborne electronics, satellite thermal control, military avionics | 30,000 | 8,000 | 50 | 500 | LHP: separate capillary evaporator (sintered nickel or PTFE wick), vapor/liquid transport lines, remote condenser; operates against gravity; stainless or aluminum transport lines; ammonia standard for space applications; 500W max at 20C sink; 0.059 C/W minimum thermal resistance | 100 | -60 | negligible | 0.3 | 0.06 | sintered_evaporator | ammonia |
| loop_heat_pipe | propylene#sintered_evaporator#flat | spacecraft thermal control, polar orbiting satellites | 15,000 | 4,000 | 25 | 180 | Propylene LHP used where ammonia not permitted; -40 to 70C operating range per Celsia; commonly used in European space programs; RUAG/IHI heritage hardware | 70 | -40 | negligible | 0.35 | 0.1 | sintered_evaporator | propylene |
| loop_heat_pipe | water#sintered_evaporator#flat | high-power server cooling, avionics boxes, power electronics | 20,000 | 5,000 | 30 | 200 | Water LHP for ground electronics; flat evaporator versions for direct die attach; miniature Cu-water LHP stable at 2W start, Rmin 0.111 C/W at 11W; larger LHP 180W with Rmin 0.137 C/W; longer transport distances than standard HP | 150 | 20 | negligible | 0.4 | 0.11 | sintered_evaporator | water |
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