Dry Bulk Solids: aggregate
Flow and physical properties of dry bulk solids for hopper, bin, silo, chute, and conveyor design. Covers grains, aggregates, chemicals, plastics pellets, and biomass. Properties include bulk density (loose/packed), angle of repose, angle of internal friction, Jenike flow factor (ff), Hausner ratio, Carr compressibility index, cohesion class, and moisture sensitivity. Per Jenike Storage and Flow of Solids Bulletin 123, Schulze Powders and Bulk Solids, and CEMA Belt Conveyors.
| material category | material name | angle of internal friction deg (degrees) | angle of repose deg (degrees) | bulk density loose kg m3 (kg/m3) | bulk density packed kg m3 (kg/m3) | carr compressibility index (%) | cohesion class | hausner ratio (dimensionless) | jenike flow factor ff (dimensionless) | moisture sensitivity | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aggregate | coal_bituminous | 40 | 38 | 770 | 900 | 17 | free_flowing | 1.17 | 3 | medium | ROM coal 2 in top size; wet or fines-rich coal can be cohesive; range reflects typical conditions |
| aggregate | coal_sub_bituminous | 40 | 38 | 680 | 800 | 18 | slightly_cohesive | 1.18 | 2.8 | high | Sub-bituminous and lignite coal; higher moisture and fines content increase cohesion tendency |
| aggregate | crushed_coal_fines | 48 | 45 | 700 | 830 | 16 | slightly_cohesive | 1.19 | 1.8 | high | Coal fines (minus 1/4 in); high surface area; tend to clump when moist; common in power plant handling |
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