Water Treatment Chemical Doses: Alum (Aluminum Sulfate)
Chemical dosing data for water and wastewater treatment processes. Covers coagulants (alum, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, PAC, ferrous sulfate), disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, gaseous chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, UV), pH adjustment chemicals (lime, soda ash, caustic soda, sulfuric acid, CO2), softening agents, dechlorination chemicals (sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfate), polymers (cationic, anionic, nonionic), fluoridation chemicals, activated carbon, potassium permanganate, ammonia, and copper sulfate. Each record includes typical dose range (mg/L), optimal pH range, contact time, chemical form, commercial concentration, specific gravity, cost, safety hazards, and storage requirements. 41 records per AWWA, EPA, and Metcalf & Eddy references.
| chemical | treatment process | chemical form | chemical formula | commercial concentration pct | contact time min (min) | cost per lb approx (USD/lb) | optimal pH max (dimensionless) | optimal pH min (dimensionless) | safety hazards | specific gravity (dimensionless) | storage requirements | target contaminant | typical dose mg per L max (mg/L) | typical dose mg per L min (mg/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alum (Aluminum Sulfate) | coagulation | dry/liquid | Al2(SO4)3·14H2O | 48.5 (liquid alum) | 1 | 0.15 | 7.5 | 5.5 | Skin/eye irritant; low pH solutions corrosive | 1.33 | Store away from alkalis; liquid in FRP or plastic-lined tanks | turbidity/color/NOM | 150 | 5 |
| Alum (Aluminum Sulfate) | phosphorus_removal | dry/liquid | Al2(SO4)3·14H2O | 48.5 (liquid alum) | 5 | 0.15 | 7 | 5.5 | Skin/eye irritant; low pH solutions corrosive | 1.33 | Store away from alkalis; liquid in FRP or plastic-lined tanks | phosphorus | 30 | 5 |
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