Wastewater Characteristics: agricultural_runoff to landfill_leachate_mature
Wastewater and leachate constituent concentrations — BOD5, COD, TSS, TKN, ammonia-N, total phosphorus, and pH typical values and ranges by source type (municipal, landfill leachate, stormwater, industrial)
| source type | BOD5 max mg L (mg/L) | BOD5 mg L (mg/L) | BOD5 min mg L (mg/L) | BOD COD ratio (dimensionless) | COD max mg L (mg/L) | COD mg L (mg/L) | COD min mg L (mg/L) | TKN max mg L (mg/L) | TKN mg L (mg/L) | TKN min mg L (mg/L) | TSS max mg L (mg/L) | TSS mg L (mg/L) | TSS min mg L (mg/L) | ammonia N max mg L (mg/L) | ammonia N mg L (mg/L) | ammonia N min mg L (mg/L) | conductivity uS cm (uS/cm) | description | notes | pH max (pH) | pH min (pH) | pH typical (pH) | total phosphorus max mg L (mg/L) | total phosphorus mg L (mg/L) | total phosphorus min mg L (mg/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dairy_processing | 6,000 | 2,500 | 1,000 | 0.6 | 10,000 | 4,000 | 1,500 | 200 | 70 | 14 | 1,500 | 800 | 300 | 80 | 30 | 5 | 1,500 | Milk/dairy plant wastewater | Extreme pH swings from CIP cleaning cycles (acid wash to alkaline wash). Whey discharge dramatically increases organic load. | 12 | 4 | 7 | 100 | 25 | 9 |
| food_processing | 5,000 | 1,500 | 500 | 0.5 | 15,000 | 3,000 | 1,000 | 300 | 60 | 10 | 3,000 | 800 | 200 | 80 | 15 | 2 | 1,200 | Food and beverage manufacturing wastewater | Highly variable across subsectors. Fruit/vegetable at low end, meat/starch processing at high end. | 9 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 50 | 15 | 5 |
| landfill_leachate_intermediate | 4,000 | 1,000 | 250 | 0.2 | 15,000 | 5,000 | 2,000 | 2,500 | 1,400 | 500 | 400 | 100 | 30 | 1,500 | 1,000 | 400 | 10,000 | Transitional landfill, 2-10 years | Transitional phase. Declining BOD, NH3-N becoming dominant N form. | 8 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 25 | 10 | 2 |
| landfill_leachate_mature | 550 | 200 | 20 | 0.08 | 4,500 | 2,500 | 500 | 3,000 | 1,500 | 500 | 200 | 50 | 10 | 3,000 | 1,500 | 500 | 7,000 | Older landfill, age > 10 years | Methanogenic phase. NH3-N is the controlling treatment parameter. Low BOD/COD indicates refractory organics. | 8.5 | 7.5 | 8 | 15 | 6 | 1 |
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