Retaining Wall Type Selection: soldier_pile
Retaining wall type selection decision matrix — 14 wall types across 7 structural categories (gravity, cantilever, MSE, sheet pile, soldier pile, in-situ soil nail, in-situ secant/diaphragm). Each record gives: practical height range, foundation requirements, backfill requirements, typical batter, relative cost index (1=lowest to 6=highest), construction speed, right-of-way requirements, aesthetics rating, seismic performance, drainage requirements, and typical applications. Sources: FHWA-NHI-07-071, AASHTO LRFD 9th Ed Sec 11, NAVFAC DM-7.2, Coduto Foundation Design 3rd Ed Ch.17, USACE EM 1110-2-2504.
| wall category | wall type | aesthetics rating | backfill requirement | batter typical | construction speed | drainage requirement | foundation requirement | height max ft (ft) | height max m (m) | height min ft (ft) | height min m (m) | notes | relative cost index (dimensionless) | row requirement | seismic performance | typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| soldier_pile | soldier_pile_lagging | fair — timber or precast concrete lagging | backfill placed lagging bays; drains required behind lagging | 0.00 | moderate | drainage critical — lagging gaps provide passive drainage but filter fabric recommended | any soil; soft clay requires special design; preferred in stiff clay and granular soils | 40 | 12.2 | 8 | 2.4 | Wide-flange H-piles at 6–10 ft centers driven or drilled; timber or concrete lagging spans between piles; tiebacks per PTI DC80.3 when needed; Berlin wall in Europe; permanent with concrete lagging | 3 | minimal — H-pile footprint is small; anchor zone needed if tieback | moderate — flexible system; tiebacks add redundancy; special seismic detailing needed above 20 ft | temporary or permanent excavation support; urban construction; transit and utility excavations; parking structures |
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