Orbital Mechanics: MARS to MOON
Orbital mechanics reference data — gravitational parameters, planetary body properties, standard orbit definitions, and mission delta-V budgets. Covers 8 celestial bodies (Earth, Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Sun) and 11 orbit/trajectory types (LEO, MEO, GEO, GTO, Molniya, Hohmann transfers).
| body or orbit | escape velocity km s (km/s) | inclination deg (deg) | mean radius km (km) | mu km3 s2 (km3/s2) | notes | orbital period days (days) | semi major axis km (km) | surface gravity m s2 (m/s2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MARS | 5.03 | 1.85 | 3,389.5 | 42,828.37 | Mars heliocentric orbital data; surface escape vel 5.03 km/s | 686.97 | 227,940,000 | 3.721 |
| MERCURY | 4.25 | 7 | 2,439.4 | 22,031.78 | Mercury orbital period 87.97 days | 87.97 | 57,910,000 | 3.7 |
| MOON | 2.38 | 5.14 | 1,737.4 | 4,902.8 | Lunar orbital period 27.32 days sidereal; semi_major_axis = Earth-Moon distance | 27.32 | 384,400 | 1.62 |
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