Natural Convection Correlations: enclosed_cavity_vertical
Nusselt number correlations for natural (free) convection heat transfer. Covers vertical plates, horizontal plates (hot side up/down), horizontal cylinders, vertical cylinders, spheres, inclined plates, and enclosed cavities (vertical and horizontal). Each record provides the Nu correlation equation, valid Rayleigh number range, C and n coefficients (for power-law forms), characteristic length definition, Prandtl number range, and source reference. 30 records spanning all standard geometries from Churchill-Chu, Morgan, McAdams, Globe-Dropkin, Berkovsky-Efimov, Catton, and Hollands correlations.
| geometry | correlation id | Nu correlation text | Pr range max (dimensionless) | Pr range min (dimensionless) | Ra max (dimensionless) | Ra min (dimensionless) | characteristic length definition | fluid assumption | orientation | source author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| enclosed_cavity_vertical | Berkovsky & Efimov (1977) mid-Ra#1e3-1e7 | Nu = 0.22*(Ra*Pr/(0.2+Pr))^0.28*(H/L)^(-0.25) | 40 | 0.1 | 10,000,000 | 1,000 | L = cavity gap width; H/L = 2-10 (aspect ratio); Pr=0.1-40 | any fluid | vertical cavity (side-heated) H/L=2-10 | Berkovsky & Efimov (1977) mid-Ra |
| enclosed_cavity_vertical | Berkovsky & Efimov (1977) square#1e1-1e5 | Nu = 0.18*(Ra*Pr/(0.2+Pr))^0.29 | 40 | 0.1 | 100,000 | 10 | L = cavity gap; H/L near 1 (square cavity); Pr=0.1-40 | any fluid | vertical square cavity H/L=1 | Berkovsky & Efimov (1977) square |
| enclosed_cavity_vertical | Catton (1978) conduction#1-1e3 | Nu = 1 (pure conduction; no convection) | 50 | 0.5 | 1,000 | 1 | L = cavity gap width; Ra < 1000: viscous forces prevent circulation | air (Pr~0.7) | vertical cavity (side-heated) conduction limit | Catton (1978) conduction |
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