Natural Convection Correlations: enclosed_cavity_horizontal
Nusselt number correlations for natural (free) convection heat transfer. Covers vertical plates, horizontal plates (hot side up/down), horizontal cylinders, vertical cylinders, spheres, inclined plates, and enclosed cavities (vertical and horizontal). Each record provides the Nu correlation equation, valid Rayleigh number range, C and n coefficients (for power-law forms), characteristic length definition, Prandtl number range, and source reference. 30 records spanning all standard geometries from Churchill-Chu, Morgan, McAdams, Globe-Dropkin, Berkovsky-Efimov, Catton, and Hollands correlations.
| geometry | correlation id | Nu correlation text | Pr range max (dimensionless) | Pr range min (dimensionless) | Ra max (dimensionless) | Ra min (dimensionless) | characteristic length definition | fluid assumption | orientation | source author |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| enclosed_cavity_horizontal | Globe & Dropkin (1959) stable#0-1708 | Nu = 1 | 10,000 | 0.001 | 1,708 | 0 | Ra < 1708: viscous forces dominate; conduction only; no buoyancy-driven circulation | any fluid | horizontal cavity bottom-heated (conduction below critical) | Globe & Dropkin (1959) stable |
| enclosed_cavity_horizontal | Globe & Dropkin (1959)#1.5e5-1.1e8 | Nu = 0.069*Ra^(1/3)*Pr^(0.074) | 8,750 | 0.02 | 110,000,000 | 150,000 | L = cavity gap height; heated from below; Ra=1.5e5-1.1e8; Pr=0.02-8750 | any fluid | horizontal cavity bottom-heated (Globe-Dropkin) | Globe & Dropkin (1959) |
| enclosed_cavity_horizontal | Hollands et al. (1976)#1708-50000 | Nu = 1 + 1.44*(1-1708/Ra)*(1-(1708*sin(1.8*theta)^1.6/Ra)) + [(Ra/5830)^(1/3) - 1] | 0.7 | 0.7 | 50,000 | 1,708 | L = gap; theta = tilt from horizontal; 0<theta<75 deg; set negative bracket terms to 0; Ra<5e4 | any fluid | horizontal cavity inclined (Hollands) | Hollands et al. (1976) |
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