Joint Load Data: spine_L4_L5
Peak joint contact forces and moments during activities of daily living, used for implant fatigue design and prosthetics loading analysis. Covers five joints: hip (10 activities: walking, stair ascent/descent, sit-to-stand, stumble recovery, standing, running, cycling, nordic cane walking, swimming), knee (8 activities: walking, stair ascent/descent, deep knee bend, sit-to-stand, fast walking, downhill, cycling stationary), lumbar spine L4/L5 (9 activities: standing, sitting, lifting squat/stoop, forward flexion, supine, walking, seated vibration, rowing), shoulder glenohumeral (6 activities: abduction 90 deg, forward flexion 90 deg, overhead 180 deg, pushing, pulling, carrying), and ankle tibiotalar (5 activities: walking, running, stair ascent/descent, tiptoe). Hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle forces are in multiples of body weight (BW). Spine loads use intradiscal pressure (MPa) from in vivo transducer measurements. Data primarily from OrthoLoad database (Bergmann et al., Charité Berlin) instrumented implants, Wilke 1999 L4/L5 disc pressure, and published gait analysis studies. Relevant to ISO 14242-1 (hip simulator), ISO 14243-1 (knee simulator), and ASTM F2028 (total ankle) loading conditions.
| joint | activity | force direction | force max BW (BW or MPa for spine) | force min BW (BW or MPa for spine) | force peak BW (BW (body weight multiples) or MPa for spine) | loading phase | moment peak Nm per BW (Nm/BW) | notes | population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| spine_L4_L5 | forward_flexion_90deg | intradiscal_compressive_MPa | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1 | peak | N/A | Trunk flexed 90 degrees; no load held; high extensor muscle co-contraction; approximately 2× standing; occupational ergonomic design consideration | single_volunteer_70kg |
| spine_L4_L5 | lifting_20kg_bent_knees | intradiscal_compressive_MPa | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.1 | peak | N/A | Squat lift technique; bent knees upright trunk; lower than stoop lift; disc pressure approximately 2.2× standing; equivalent to ~700-900 N additional spinal compression | single_volunteer_70kg |
| spine_L4_L5 | lifting_20kg_stoop | intradiscal_compressive_MPa | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.7 | peak | N/A | Stoop lift technique; bent forward trunk; substantially higher than squat; significant moment arm from disc to load; peak is highest in common lifting tasks; NIOSH lifting equation design basis | single_volunteer_70kg |
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