Joint Load Data: knee
Peak joint contact forces and moments during activities of daily living, used for implant fatigue design and prosthetics loading analysis. Covers five joints: hip (10 activities: walking, stair ascent/descent, sit-to-stand, stumble recovery, standing, running, cycling, nordic cane walking, swimming), knee (8 activities: walking, stair ascent/descent, deep knee bend, sit-to-stand, fast walking, downhill, cycling stationary), lumbar spine L4/L5 (9 activities: standing, sitting, lifting squat/stoop, forward flexion, supine, walking, seated vibration, rowing), shoulder glenohumeral (6 activities: abduction 90 deg, forward flexion 90 deg, overhead 180 deg, pushing, pulling, carrying), and ankle tibiotalar (5 activities: walking, running, stair ascent/descent, tiptoe). Hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle forces are in multiples of body weight (BW). Spine loads use intradiscal pressure (MPa) from in vivo transducer measurements. Data primarily from OrthoLoad database (Bergmann et al., Charité Berlin) instrumented implants, Wilke 1999 L4/L5 disc pressure, and published gait analysis studies. Relevant to ISO 14242-1 (hip simulator), ISO 14243-1 (knee simulator), and ASTM F2028 (total ankle) loading conditions.
| joint | activity | force direction | force max BW (BW or MPa for spine) | force min BW (BW or MPa for spine) | force peak BW (BW (body weight multiples) or MPa for spine) | loading phase | moment peak Nm per BW (Nm/BW) | notes | population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| knee | cycling_stationary | tibiofemoral_compressive | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | power_phase | 0.3 | Low impact; recommended for knee osteoarthritis and post-arthroplasty rehabilitation; substantially lower than walking; patellofemoral also lower than walking | adults_healthy |
| knee | deep_knee_bend | tibiofemoral_compressive | 6 | 3 | 4.5 | bottom_position | 1.2 | >90 deg flexion; high patellar tendon force; patellofemoral joint force 6-8 BW at maximum flexion; squatting/kneeling activities; relevant for cross-legged cultures and prayer kneeling activities | adults_healthy_no_implant |
| knee | sit_to_stand | tibiofemoral_compressive | 3.5 | 1.8 | 2.6 | rising_phase | 0.75 | Transition activity; peak at 60-90 deg flexion; arm rest usage reduces peak by ~20%; hip flexor contribution important; critical for post-TKR function assessment | adults_healthy_with_implant |
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