Implant Material Properties: Ti-6Al-4V ELI (wrought) to Commercially Pure Titanium Gr.4
Mechanical, biological, and corrosion properties of materials used in medical implants. Covers 35 materials across 4 categories: metallic (Ti-6Al-4V ELI/standard/Ti-6Al-7Nb/CP Ti Gr.4, CoCrMo cast/wrought/low-carbon, 316L SS, NiTi Nitinol superelastic/shape-memory, Mg alloys AZ31/WE43, Ta porous, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta/TNZT, Co-Cr-N BioDur), ceramic (HA dense/plasma-spray, beta-TCP, BCP, Y-TZP zirconia, alumina, ZTA), polymer (UHMWPE conventional/XLPE, PEEK/PEEK-OPTIMA, PMMA bone cement, PLLA, PLGA 85:15/50:50, PCL, silicone PDMS, PEEK-30CF), and composite. For each material: elastic modulus (GPa), yield strength (MPa), ultimate tensile strength (MPa), fatigue endurance limit (MPa), elongation (%), Vickers hardness (HV), density (g/cm3), corrosion rate (mm/yr), biocompatibility class (inert/bioactive/bioresorbable), osseointegration potential, MRI compatibility (safe/conditional/unsafe), typical implant applications, wear rate (mm3/million cycles), metal ion release (ug/L), resorption time (months for bioresorbable materials). Sources: ASTM F136/F1472/F75/F799/F1537/F138/F2063/F648/F2026/F451/F1185/F1873/F603/F1295/F67/F3152/F2384/F1713, ISO 5832 series, ISO 6474/13356/13779/13175/13781, Ratner et al. Biomaterials Science 4th Ed. 2020, Park and Lakes Biomaterials 3rd Ed. 2007, Kurtz UHMWPE Handbook 3rd Ed. 2016.
| material | ASTM standard | MRI compatibility | biocompatibility class | corrosion rate mm per year (mm/yr) | density g per cm3 (g/cm3) | elastic modulus GPa (GPa) | elongation pct (%) | fatigue endurance limit MPa (MPa) | hardness HV (HV) | ion release ug per L (ug/L) | material category | notes | osseointegration | typical applications | ultimate tensile strength MPa (MPa) | yield strength MPa (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ti-6Al-4V ELI (forged) | ASTM F1472 | safe | inert | 0.00001 | 4.43 | 116 | 10 | 515 | 340 | 5 | metallic | Forging per ASTM F1472 produces higher yield/UTS than wrought rod; fatigue limit at 10^7 R=-1 rotating bending | yes | hip_stem, knee_femoral, bone_plate | 896 | 827 |
| Ti-6Al-4V standard grade | ASTM F1108 (casting); AMS 4928 | safe | inert | 0.00001 | 4.43 | 113 | 8 | 480 | 320 | 8 | metallic | Standard grade (O<0.20%); slightly lower fatigue resistance than ELI; ASTM F1108 for castings | yes | dental_implant, bone_screw | 828 | 758 |
| Ti-6Al-7Nb (wrought) | ASTM F1295 | safe | inert | 0.00001 | 4.52 | 105 | 10 | 490 | 300 | 3 | metallic | Niobium replaces vanadium; improved biocompatibility vs Ti-6Al-4V; ISO 5832-11 European standard alloy | yes | hip_stem, dental_implant | 900 | 800 |
| Commercially Pure Titanium Gr.4 | ASTM F67 | safe | inert | 0.000005 | 4.51 | 103 | 15 | 300 | 200 | 2 | metallic | Highest strength CP Ti grade; excellent corrosion resistance; osseointegration well-established (Branemark 1969) | yes | dental_implant, bone_plate | 550 | 480 |
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