Implant Material Properties: CoCrMo (cast ASTM F75) to NiTi Nitinol (superelastic)
Mechanical, biological, and corrosion properties of materials used in medical implants. Covers 35 materials across 4 categories: metallic (Ti-6Al-4V ELI/standard/Ti-6Al-7Nb/CP Ti Gr.4, CoCrMo cast/wrought/low-carbon, 316L SS, NiTi Nitinol superelastic/shape-memory, Mg alloys AZ31/WE43, Ta porous, Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta/TNZT, Co-Cr-N BioDur), ceramic (HA dense/plasma-spray, beta-TCP, BCP, Y-TZP zirconia, alumina, ZTA), polymer (UHMWPE conventional/XLPE, PEEK/PEEK-OPTIMA, PMMA bone cement, PLLA, PLGA 85:15/50:50, PCL, silicone PDMS, PEEK-30CF), and composite. For each material: elastic modulus (GPa), yield strength (MPa), ultimate tensile strength (MPa), fatigue endurance limit (MPa), elongation (%), Vickers hardness (HV), density (g/cm3), corrosion rate (mm/yr), biocompatibility class (inert/bioactive/bioresorbable), osseointegration potential, MRI compatibility (safe/conditional/unsafe), typical implant applications, wear rate (mm3/million cycles), metal ion release (ug/L), resorption time (months for bioresorbable materials). Sources: ASTM F136/F1472/F75/F799/F1537/F138/F2063/F648/F2026/F451/F1185/F1873/F603/F1295/F67/F3152/F2384/F1713, ISO 5832 series, ISO 6474/13356/13779/13175/13781, Ratner et al. Biomaterials Science 4th Ed. 2020, Park and Lakes Biomaterials 3rd Ed. 2007, Kurtz UHMWPE Handbook 3rd Ed. 2016.
| material | ASTM standard | MRI compatibility | biocompatibility class | corrosion rate mm per year (mm/yr) | density g per cm3 (g/cm3) | elastic modulus GPa (GPa) | elongation pct (%) | fatigue endurance limit MPa (MPa) | hardness HV (HV) | ion release ug per L (ug/L) | material category | notes | osseointegration | typical applications | ultimate tensile strength MPa (MPa) | wear rate mm3 per million cycles (mm3/million_cycles) | yield strength MPa (MPa) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCrMo (cast ASTM F75) | ASTM F75 | conditional | inert | 0.0001 | 8.3 | 210 | 8 | 310 | 300 | 50 | metallic | F75 cast microstructure; Co~67% Cr~28% Mo~6%; MRI conditional due to ferromagnetism risk | no | knee_femoral, hip_stem, dental_implant | 655 | 0.05 | 448 |
| CoCrMo (wrought ASTM F799) | ASTM F799 | conditional | inert | 0.00008 | 8.3 | 230 | 12 | 500 | 380 | 40 | metallic | Wrought high-carbon (0.14-0.35%) per F799; higher strength and fatigue vs cast F75 | no | knee_femoral, hip_stem, total_hip_arthroplasty | 1,000 | 0.04 | 700 |
| CoCrMo (wrought low carbon) | ASTM F1537 | conditional | inert | 0.00008 | 8.3 | 230 | 20 | 450 | 320 | 30 | metallic | Low carbon (<0.14%) wrought alloy; better corrosion resistance than high-carbon; used in metal-on-metal articulating surfaces | no | knee_femoral, hip_stem | 900 | 0.03 | 600 |
| 316L Stainless Steel | ASTM F138 | conditional | inert | 0.01 | 7.95 | 193 | 40 | 241 | 150 | 200 | metallic | ASTM F138 implant grade 316L (C<0.03% Mo 2-3%); susceptible to fretting/crevice corrosion in vivo; MRI conditional | no | bone_plate, bone_screw, spinal_rod, fracture_fixation | 586 | 0.1 | 310 |
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