Casting Design Allowances: shell_mold
Casting process design allowances — linear and volumetric shrinkage percentages, external and internal draft angles, minimum wall thickness, surface finish Ra, ISO 8062-3 dimensional tolerance grades (CT1-CT16), typical and maximum part weight ranges, relative cost, and production rate for 7 casting processes (sand, investment/lost-wax, die casting HPDC, permanent mold, centrifugal, shell mold, squeeze casting) across 11 alloy families (gray iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum A356/A380, copper alloys, zinc, magnesium, titanium Ti-6Al-4V, nickel superalloy)
| casting process | alloy family | dimensional tolerance grade achievable | dimensional tolerance grade typical | draft angle deg external (deg) | draft angle deg internal (deg) | linear shrinkage pct (%) | max practical weight kg (kg) | min wall thickness mm (mm) | notes | production rate parts per hour typical (parts/hr) | relative cost | surface finish Ra um typical (um) | typical lot size min (pieces) | typical weight range kg max (kg) | typical weight range kg min (kg) | volumetric shrinkage pct (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell_mold | aluminum_A356 | CT6 | CT8 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 500 | 2.5 | Good finish; automotive cylinder heads; CT6-8 achievable | 20 | medium_high | 3.2 | 500 | 50 | 0.05 | 4.5 |
| shell_mold | carbon_steel | CT9 | CT11 | 1.5 | 2 | 2 | 500 | 4.5 | Shell mold gives better detail than green sand for steel; crankshafts | 15 | high | 12.5 | 500 | 100 | 0.05 | 6 |
| shell_mold | copper_alloys | CT7 | CT9 | 1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 200 | 3 | Valves and fittings; improved dimensional control vs green sand | 15 | high | 6.3 | 500 | 50 | 0.05 | 4.5 |
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