Radiation View Factors: enclosure

Radiation view factors (F12) for common geometric configurations — parallel plates, perpendicular surfaces, concentric cylinders/spheres, coaxial disks, enclosures

Mechanical Engineeringgeometry_class: enclosure2 rows
geometry classgeometry idconfiguration notesformula expressiongeometry descriptionreciprocity F21surface 1surface 2view factor F12
enclosureequilateral_triangle_enclosure3-surface enclosure: F11+F12+F13=1; F11=0 (flat); by symmetry F12=F13=0.5. Equivalently: 3-surface rule for three equal flat surfaces. F21=F12=0.5 when areas are equal.F12=0.5 by symmetry; F_ii=0 for all flat surfacesThree-surface equilateral triangular enclosure; all three surfaces are flat and equal area; by symmetry F12=F13=F23=0.50.5Surface 1 (one wall)Surface 2 (adjacent wall)0.5
enclosurehemisphere_to_base_diskA2 (base disk) is flat so F21=1. Reciprocity: A1*F12=A2*F21 → 2piR^2*F12=piR^2*1 → F12=0.5. F11=1-F12=0.5 (hemisphere self-view).F12=0.5; F21=1Hemispherical surface (area=2piR^2) to its flat circular base disk (area=piR^2)1Hemispherical surfaceBase disk0.5

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