Hazen Williams C: copper_tube
Hazen-Williams roughness coefficients (C values) for pressure pipe hydraulic calculations. Covers new and aged pipe materials: ductile iron (cement-lined/unlined), cast iron at 0/5/10/20/30/40 years, carbon steel (new/corroded/lined), copper, brass, PVC, HDPE, CPVC, FRP, concrete, asbestos cement, galvanized steel, stainless steel, lead, vitrified clay. Includes AWWA M31 and NFPA 13 design C values. C value ranges (min/typical/max) and recommended design values are provided.
| pipe material | pipe condition | c value max (dimensionless) | c value min (dimensionless) | c value typical (dimensionless) | design c value (dimensionless) | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| copper_tube | aged | 145 | 130 | 138 | 138 | Copper maintains performance well; thin oxide patina has negligible effect; long design life |
| copper_tube | new | 145 | 130 | 140 | 140 | Type K/L/M copper tubing; smooth drawn bore; widely used for domestic plumbing; minimal age deterioration in potable water |
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