Expansion Loop Sizing

Pipe thermal expansion loop sizing — U-bend loop width, height, and offset leg dimensions by pipe material, NPS, and temperature differential. Based on Engineering ToolBox formula W=0.015*(dl_mm*OD_mm)^0.5 per ASME B31.3 Appendix D flexibility principles and Kellogg/Spielvogel methods. Covers carbon steel (NPS 2–12, dT 100–300°F), stainless steel 304/316 (NPS 2–8, dT 100–300°F), and copper (NPS 2–4, dT 50–100°F). Also includes L-bend offset leg records for carbon steel. Thermal expansion per ASME B31.3 Appendix C.